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This article summarizes QEMU’s nographic option for running a DIY OS in the CUI.

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The binary used here is the do-nothing boot image created on day 1 of 30-Day OS.

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One difference from the 30-Day OS book is that I use NASM, a general-purpose assembler, instead of the author’s custom tools.

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Running QEMU in the CUI

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To start with the conclusion, I was able to run the boot image in QEMU’s CUI with the following command:

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@@BT@@@@BT@@@bash\nqemu-system-x86_64 -drive file=boot.img,format=raw -nographic\n@@BT@@@@BT@@

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I think this is probably the minimum set of options needed to run a binary in QEMU’s CUI.

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The meaning of each option is as follows:

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@@BT@@@@BT@@\n-drive:
\nAn option for using a file as a drive image\nTakes [file=file] as a required argument

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[file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]\n[,cache=writethrough|writeback|none|directsync|unsafe][,format=f]\n[,snapshot=on|off][,rerror=ignore|stop|report]\n[,werror=ignore|stop|report|enospc][,id=name][,aio=threads|native]\n[,readonly=on|off][,copy-on-read=on|off]\n[,discard=ignore|unmap][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]\n[[,bps=b]|[[,bps_rd=r][,bps_wr=w]]]\n[[,iops=i]|[[,iops_rd=r][,iops_wr=w]]]\n[[,bps_max=bm]|[[,bps_rd_max=rm][,bps_wr_max=wm]]]\n[[,iops_max=im]|[[,iops_rd_max=irm][,iops_wr_max=iwm]]]\n[[,iops_size=is]]\n[[,group=g]]
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-nographic：\nDisable the GUI and redirect serial I/O to the console\n@@BT@@@@BT@@

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As noted above, the @@BT@@-drive@@BT@@ option is used to specify the boot image (@@BT@@boot.img@@BT@@) created with NASM as a drive image.

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@@BT@@file@@BT@@ and @@BT@@format@@BT@@ are arguments for the @@BT@@-drive@@BT@@ option.

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@@BT@@@@BT@@@bash\n-drive file=boot.img,format=raw\n@@BT@@@@BT@@

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The only required argument for @@BT@@-drive@@BT@@ is [file=file], but here I also specify format=raw.

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Even without format=raw, you can start QEMU in the CUI, but it will print the following warning:

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WARNING:\nImage format was not specified for '/haribote/boot.img' and probing guessed raw.Specify the 'raw' format explicitly to remove the restrictions.
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Next is the @@BT@@-nographic@@BT@@ option. This is the option for starting QEMU in the CUI.\nAs the help says, it redirects serial I/O (data communicated between devices) to the console.

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Stopping QEMU in the CUI

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Once QEMU has started in the CUI, return to the original console.\nTo return to the console, enter the following keys in sequence:

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Ctrl + A\nX
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After pressing @@BT@@Ctrl + A@@BT@@, release the keys and then press @@BT@@X@@BT@@.\nThis will stop QEMU.

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