{"componentChunkName":"component---src-templates-post-template-js","path":"/note-githubactions-for-pages-en","result":{"data":{"markdownRemark":{"id":"a40a364d-a501-5272-8fc3-9776cfe51544","html":"
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This page has been machine-translated from the original page.

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In this article, I summarize how to manage files other than published articles in a private repository for this blog, which I run with Gatsby and GitHub Pages.

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With a GitHub Pro-or-higher subscription, you can publish only a specific branch from a private repository with GitHub Pages. However, I wanted even Free users to be able to manage files other than published articles in a private repository by using GitHub Actions, so I used the procedure in this article.

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Table of Contents

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Prerequisites

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To follow this procedure, you need to prepare the following in advance.

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This article does not cover how to use the static site generator or how to configure GitHub Pages.

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For how to use Gatsby locally and publish deployed articles on GitHub Pages, please see the following.

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Reference: Notes on Setting Up an Environment to Publish a Gatsby SPA Blog on GitHub Pages - Kaeru no Himitsukichi

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Set Up Automatic Gatsby Deployment

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First, add the following GitHub Actions workflow to the private repository that manages Gatsby and the Markdown files.

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name: deploy-and-push\non:\n  push:\n    branches:\n      - main\njobs:\n  deploy-and-push:\n    runs-on: ubuntu-latest\n    container: kashiwabayuki/gatsby-env\n\n    steps:\n    - uses: actions/checkout@v2\n      with:\n        submodules: true\n\n    - name: Install npm\n      env:\n        NODE_OPTIONS: \"--max_old_space_size=4096\"\n      run: npm install\n\n    - name: Deploy\n      run: gatsby clean && gatsby build --prefix-paths && echo 'kashiwaba-yuki.com' > public/CNAME\n\n    - name: Pushes to public repository\n      uses: cpina/github-action-push-to-another-repository@main\n      env:\n        SSH_DEPLOY_KEY: ${{ secrets.SSH_DEPLOY_KEY }}\n      with:\n        source-directory: './public'\n        destination-github-username: 'kash1064'\n        destination-repository-name: 'Kaeru-no-Himitsukichi-Public'\n        user-email: kashiwabayuki@gmail.com\n        target-branch: public
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About the GitHub Action for Automatic Deployment

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Let’s look at it from top to bottom.

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First, the following section defines the action name and when it runs.

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This time, I set it to run when a push is made to the main branch.

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name: deploy-and-push\non:\n  push:\n    branches:\n      - main
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Next, inside the job it uses the ubuntu-latest workflow and prepares a custom deployment container called kashiwabayuki/gatsby-env.

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deploy-and-push:\n  runs-on: ubuntu-latest\n  container: kashiwabayuki/gatsby-env
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This container image was created using the procedure in the following article.

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Reference: Notes on Setting Up an Environment to Publish a Gatsby SPA Blog on GitHub Pages - Kaeru no Himitsukichi

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Then, using actions/checkout@v2, it clones the files from the main branch of the private repository into the container, installs the dependent node modules, and finally builds the articles with the Gatsby command.

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Incidentally, it takes about 10 minutes in total to finish npm install and gatsby build. It is wasteful in terms of resources, and private repositories also have a 2000 minutes/month execution time limit, so I would like to shorten it, but I could not come up with a good idea.

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This Action only runs when publishing an article, and there is no way it will exceed 2000 minutes, so I am leaving it on hold for now.

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I plan to revisit it if I think of something later.

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steps:\n- uses: actions/checkout@v2\n  with:\n    submodules: true\n\n- name: Install npm\n  env:\n    NODE_OPTIONS: \"--max_old_space_size=4096\"\n  run: npm install\n\n- name: Deploy\n  run: gatsby clean && gatsby build --prefix-paths && echo 'kashiwaba-yuki.com' > public/CNAME
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At this point, the files for publishing have been built in the ./public directory inside the container, so push the generated files to the public repository.

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Push Files to Another Repository with GitHub Actions

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When you push files to another repository with GitHub Actions, you need to set a deploy key with write access for the destination repository.

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To register this key, generate a public/private key pair in advance with the ssh-keygen command.

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Register the Private Key in the Repository That Runs GitHub Actions (Source Repository)

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First, register the private key in the repository that runs GitHub Actions.

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From [Secrets] > [Actions] in [Settings] on the GitHub repository page, you can register a new Secret.

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At this time, set the Secret name to SSH_DEPLOY_KEY.

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SSH_DEPLOY_KEY is used in the processing of cpina/github-action-push-to-another-repository@main, as shown below.

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name: Pushes to public repository\n\tuses: cpina/github-action-push-to-another-repository@main\n    env:\n    \tSSH_DEPLOY_KEY: ${{ secrets.SSH_DEPLOY_KEY }}
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Register the Public Key in the Destination Repository

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Next, register the public key as a Deploy key from [Settings] in the repository used for publishing.

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You can choose any name you like for the Title, but you need to enable [Allow write access].

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Now the private key and public key pair have been registered in the source repository and the publishing repository.

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Push Files to Another Repository with GitHub Actions

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Now that everything is ready, push the deployed Gatsby files to the public repository.

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I could have written the process myself, but this time I decided to use cpina/github-action-push-to-another-repository.

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I added the following step at the end of the steps.

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name: Pushes to public repository\n  uses: cpina/github-action-push-to-another-repository@main\n  env:\n    SSH_DEPLOY_KEY: ${{ secrets.SSH_DEPLOY_KEY }}\n  with:\n    source-directory: './public'\n    destination-github-username: 'kash1064'\n    destination-repository-name: 'Kaeru-no-Himitsukichi-Public'\n    user-email: kashiwabayuki@gmail.com\n    target-branch: public
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As described in the following documentation, cpina/github-action-push-to-another-repository can use a private key stored in Secrets to push any directory inside the container to a specified repository.

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Reference: Overview — github-action-push-to-another-repository documentation

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This time it is configured to push the ./public directory, where Gatsby places the deployed files, to the public branch of the repository used for publishing.

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Once the Action finishes successfully, updates to the private repository trigger a build, the built articles are pushed to the publishing branch of the public repository, and the blog on GitHub Pages is updated.

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Summary

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GitHub Actions are handy.

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